[59], Operation Reckless was an unqualified success, as were the landings around Aitape under the guise of Operation Persecution. [8] ICPOAs first officer in charge was Cmdr. The first major collection of captured Japanese documents in the Pacific Theater was made in August 1942 when the 1st Marine Raider Battalion, under Col. Evans Carlson and Lt. Col. James Roosevelt, made a harassing raid on Makin Island in the Gilberts. [13] Because aircraft carriers had not been previously used to support Allied amphibious landings in the South-West Pacific, in early 1944 the Japanese leadership judged that Hollandia was safe from a direct attack as it was beyond the range of the available Allied fighter aircraft. In February 1943, the first contingent of twenty graduates from the Navys Japanese Language School at Boulder, Colorado arrived at ICPOA and began interrogating prisoners of war and translating captured documents. This translation aided materially in speeding up the execution of the subsequent attack on Saipan and other Japanese bases in the Pacific, which occurred shortly thereafter. Philippine Series Bulletins represented special reports of items pertaining to the Philippine Islands. While MacArthur sought eight days worth of support from the fleet's powerful fleet carriers, Nimitz would only agree to commit this force for two days after the landings. 10, Restoration of Captured Documents (June 28, 1945). The attack failed, and the Japanese were driven back toward Wewak. US radio crew sets up communications center just after landing on Hollandia 1944. I Corps Commanding General was informed in detail of a major enemy operation involving several divisions and embracing the entire Corps front from Rosario to Puncan. Consequently, the volume of documents captured was very small, and was largely confined to those of a personal nature which individuals were apt to carry upon their persons. 2 in May 1943. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Lindberg D-Day Invasion LCT Cargo Ship Model Kit 1/125 New Sealed In Damaged Box at the best online prices at eBay! In response, on 8 March General Douglas MacArthur sought approval from the Joint Chiefs of Staff to bring forward the previously planned landings at Hollandia to 15 April. Among their functions was to collect and study captured enemy documents. The most important find was a set of plans and specifications for some of the defenses encountered on the island. West Papua is the western half of the island of New Guinea, formerly known as Dutch New Guinea. On December 7, 1941, Japan staged a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, severely damaging the US Pacific Fleet. As a result, code breaking was the main source of intelligence. On 5 March, Imperial General Headquarters by Navy . [26] Aircraft based at Port Moresby and Milne Bay fought to prevent the Japanese from basing aircraft at Buna, and attempted to prevent the Japanese reinforcement of the Buna area. 'We are repeating the failure of Guadalcanal. Interrogation of a prisoner confirmed the fact that supplies were being unloaded at Lae from enemy submarines. Another document, captured on Luzon in early February, gave the Japanese 14th Army Operation Order of January 8th, bringing to light the plan of the Japanese Armys movement into Northern Luzon and the organization of the Shimbu group and its mission into Southern Luzon. To ensure that all involved in captured records activities had an appreciation for records and information, the Allied Translation and Interpreter Section (ATIS) (Southwest Pacific Area [SWPA]) published, at the specific direction of the War Department, Publication No. [40], The 41st Division was to stage from Cape Cretin, while the 24th would depart from Goodenough Island. In many instances these organizations were staffed with translators trained in military and naval language schools in the United States. [57] Stephen R. Taaffe reached a similar conclusion. The purpose of these campaigns was to safeguard the oil, rubber and other raw materials the Japanese needed. This deception effort proved successful. It was placed under the direction of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence (J-2), Joint Staff, CINCPAC, and CINCPOA (Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas). The work contains a complete study on the collection, translation, and processing of captured documents. Capturing it would both neutralize the Allies' principal forward base and serve as a springboard for a possible invasion of Australia. Before June, between 20 and 25 P-39s had been lost in air combat, while three more had been destroyed on the ground and eight had been destroyed in landings by accident. Pre-War New Guinea The Japanese Invasion The Turning Point The Long Allied Advance 1943 1944 The New Guinea campaign (January 1942-September 1945) was one of the longest campaigns of the Second World War. The timely publication of 18 of these reports afforded a wealth of information preparatory to the invasion. The westernmost tip of New Guinea fell into Allied hands in the same month when elements of the U.S. 6th Infantry Division occupied the Sansapor-Mar area of Vogelkop Peninsula. Earlier, during the Leyte campaign, important documents and diaries were captured by CIC detachments indicating the collaboration of a prominent police officer. [51] Eight waves landed at White 1 after two LCIs fired rockets at the high ground overlooking the beach where several Japanese antiaircraft guns were located. [53], Meanwhile, the infantry continued their advance inland. It was occupied by the Japanese during their invasion of the Dutch East Indies in 1942, who planned to use it as a base for their expansion towards the Australian mandated territories of Papua and New Guinea. At Anguar Island in the Western Carolinas in early September 1944, agents from the 81st CIC Detachment, with the 81st Infantry Division, captured a large volume of records, including blueprints, books, miscellaneous documents, files, 40 pounds of mail, and Japanese currency and coins. Achieving complete surprise, they were able to destroy 340 aircraft on the ground and 60 more aircraft in the air, leaving the 6th Air Division unable to resist the planned invasion. [44], I-Go was to be carried out in two phases, one against the lower Solomons and one against Papua. In addition, about 5,400 survivors of the Japanese defeat at Buna-Gona were moved into the Lae-Salamaua area. Round one had gone to the Americans and Australians who had ejected the. In May 1943, external requests for information available from ATIS sources led to the development of Information Request Reports published only in answer to specific requests for information. Singapore, the Dutch East Indies and New Guinea had already fallen, and all of Australia's security hopes premised upon Britain's Fortress Singapore ideology had collapsed. [18]. This document provided a complete list of approximately 40,000 Japanese Army officers together with their assignments. He was thrown into his own jail.[15]. For this, he ordered the air arm of Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa's Third Fleet carriers to reinforce the Eleventh Air Fleet at Rabaul. RAAF radar could not provide sufficient warning of Japanese attacks, so reliance was placed on coastwatchers and spotters in the hills until an American radar unit arrived in September with better equipment. In early 1945, in the vicinity of Bhamo in northern Burma, CIC CIT No. [11] For the same reasons, General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander Allied Forces South West Pacific Area was determined to hold it. This attack, which was designated Operation Cockpit, aimed to prevent the Japanese from transferring air units stationed near Singapore to New Guinea. Ultimately, a major air and staging base was developed in the Hollandia area and most of the higher headquarters in the Southwest Pacific area established their command posts there during the summer of 1944. The terrain, however, proved more problematic. Opposing these forces were the Australian 2/5th, 2/6th and 2/7th Battalions along with Lieutenant Colonel Norman Fleay's Kanga Force. Red 2 beach was found to be highly unsuitable and the promised roads were non-existent. Actual Allied losses amounted to one destroyer, one oiler, one corvette, two cargo ships and approximately 25 aircraft. [22] The cost to the Allied fighters was high. The campaign was long and arduous, but by the end of 1944 the Japanese threat was contained in New Guinea. The Japanese occupied the village with an initial force of 1,500 on 21 July and by 22 August had 11,430 men under arms at Buna. [33], Operation Lilliput (18 December 1942 June 1943) was an ongoing resupply operation ferrying troops and supplies from Milne Bay, at the tip of the Papuan Peninsula, to Oro Bay, a little more than halfway between Milne Bay and the BunaGona area. Bypassing the Japanese base at Halmahera, south of Morotai, the XI Corps quickly established a defensive perimeter behind which airfields were constructed to provide air support for further advances. In January 1944, during the New Britain-New Guinea operations, captured Japanese code books enabled radio intelligence staff to determine the intentions of Lt. Gen. Hatazo Adachi, commander of the Japanese 18th Army. As their number grew, and the volume of available intelligence increased, such a procedure became unnecessary, and also impossible due to the limited number of linguists available. The Japanese at Rabaul and other bases on New Britain would have easily overwhelmed any such effort (by mid-September, MacArthur's entire naval force under Vice Admiral Arthur S. Carpender consisted of 5 cruisers, 8 destroyers, 20 submarines, and 7 small craft). graduate Hollandia. When Germany and Italy declared war on the United States days later, America found itself in a global war. After the cessation of hostilities, the War Crimes Echelon, a separate part of ATIS, was established. Late in June, an officers notebook captured at Mokmer, Dutch New Guinea on June 11th, contained a sketch showing strength and company dispositions surrounding the airfield. By 1944 the school had outgrown these facilities and moved to nearby Fort Snelling. It began with the easy Japanese conquest of most of the north coast of the massive island. Documents were first captured from a Japanese plane downed in the Pearl Harbor attack. 1, List of Japanese Military Conventional Signs and Abbreviations (March 4, 1943); No. 87 (Japanese Mines and Minesweeping); and, Nos. On September 27, 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy, thus entering the military alliance known as the "Axis."Seeking to curb Japanese aggression and force a withdrawal of Japanese forces from Manchuria and China, the United States . Once Manila and its environs had been captured, CIC search and seizure teams located and took custody of large quantities of Japanese documents. 9, Japanese-English Medical Dictionary; No. Gen. Robert L. Eichelberger, previously commander of the U.S. [7], MacArthur met with the commander of the Pacific Fleet, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, at Brisbane between 25 and 27 March to discuss the role of the Navy in the operation. The Aussies were fighting mad, for they had found some of their captured fellows tied to trees and bayoneted to death, surmounted by the placard, 'It took them a long time to die'. The westernmost island of this group, Goodenough, had been occupied in August 1942 by 353 stranded troops from bombed Japanese landing craft. In February 1944, marines and soldiers from the 27th Infantry Division captured important documents at Engebi Island. By 22 August, about 8,500 Australians and 1,300 Americans were on site. In early June, US Army engineers, Australian infantry and an anti-aircraft battery were landed near the Lever Brothers coconut plantation at Gili Gili, and work was begun on an airfield. In early January 1943, Japanese documents taken from the body of a sniper killed near Soputa, New Guinea, revealed the entire standing operating procedure of the Japanese in that area. In the spring of 1944, ATIS received a document which, after being translated, proved to be of exceptional value and probably considerably shortened the war. Gona fell to the Australians on 9 December 1942, Buna to the US 32nd on 2 January 1943, and Sanananda, located between the two larger villages, fell to the Australians on 22 January. Despite the disaster of the Bismarck Sea, the Japanese could not give up on recapturing Wau. In February 1944, the Japanese devised a plan known as Z Plan to counter the American naval offensive and destroy the U.S. Pacific fleet. U.S. Military forces began capturing records almost as soon as the war began and started exploiting them immediately. The remote but crucial airfield lay 25 miles south/southeast of the port town of Salamaua. Copies of these ATIS publications can be found at the National Archives at College Park, the Australian National Archives, as well as other archival repositories. Timely publication of 18 of these reports afforded a wealth of information preparatory the! Began with the easy Japanese conquest of most of the north coast of the encountered. Japanese were driven back toward Wewak north coast of the Japanese threat was japanese invasion of dutch new guinea in New Guinea up communications just! War on the island of New Guinea, formerly known as Dutch New Guinea as were the Australian,., translation, and processing of captured documents ( June 28, 1945 ) the Americans Australians! The port town of Salamaua the north coast of the port town of Salamaua New.! 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